2.
   2022
/   
 
(       -II)
 : 3     :60
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.             -     ?
2.    
        
 -
3.             ?
4.            ?      ?
 -
5.            
2.
6. ()             ?
()     ?          ?
-
7.      -    ?      
8.      ?          :
()  
()     
2.
   2022
/   
 
(       -II)
 : 3     :60
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.             -     ?
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆   
 ?
-     ,       
 
          :
      ?
      
        
    
      
   ,            
          ,   
   
 
           -    
    
   
2.
󷩡󷩟󷩠       (FSSAI)
 ,           
(FSSAI)       , 2006     
FSSAI    :
-     
  , , ,      
      
    
     
  
   ' FSSAI    ,        
    
󹶪󹶫󹶬󹶭        
                
 
1.     (FSSA), 2006
           
,   -   ,      FSSA     
 ,     
  :
     (FSSAI)   
,     '    
       
     
     
 
   :
    
        '   -     

2.
2.       (PFA), 1954
FSSA  ,             
:
      
   
    
   FSSA    ,          
   
3. AGMARK 
AGMARK        '        :


  
  
   (  ) , 1937      
AGMARK    :
   
 
  
 
  ' AGMARK  ,  
        
  
4. ... (   )
    (BIS)         , 
          
BIS   :
      
2.
    
ISI    
ISI      -         
  
5. HACCP (      )
    '          
  
         , HACCP      '
   
       :
    
   
  
   
 ,         '   
6.  
     (WHO)      (FAO) 
       
       -       
      
 :
      
         
   
 
󺡠󺡡󺡢󺡣󺡤󺡥         ?
2.
         :
󷄧󼿒      
󷄧󼿒       
󷄧󼿒   
󷄧󼿒 ,           
󷄧󼿒           
 
 ,              , 
       
󸠩󸾫󸾬󷼵󷼶󷼷󷼸󸠪󸠫󸠬󸠭󸠮󸠯󸾭󸠰󸠱󸠲󸠳󸠴󸾮󸠵󸠶󷽄󷽅󷽆󸾯󸾰󸾱󸾲󷽇󷽈󷽉󷽊    
     ,      
 

      :
FSSAI     
AGMARK  ISI       
      
  
    
  -          
󷇮󷇭 
       
      :
 
 
  
  
      ,          
              -
  ,   ,        
      
2.
󷄧󼿒
      ,         
            , AGMARK  ISI
 ,      -   
      
     ,    
2.    
        
:  
 
                
,    ,      '      ,
    
 
       ,  
   ,   , 
,        
 
  
1.  
    ,      
,       
: ,       ,        
     
2.     
        ,      
  
        
: , ,             
  
3.   - 
   -           
  
:            
  
 
2.
4.    
 ,          

:            ,  
      
5.        
    
,      
    -3  ,     
: ,         


6.      
 ,       
              
:           
  : 
     , , ,      

  :    (, , )
:  (, , )     
:      (, , )   
   :    (, )  
 : ,       
  ,              
  ,          
   
     :
    -    
    -      
      -     
 
           -   

 
2.
  ,     ,    ,     
 
 
:       
 :            

 :             


    
      ,     ,
    ,   
 ,       
      

 -
3.            ?
:󷋃󷋄󷋅󷋆   ?
     ,      " "   
 
  (  )           , ,
          :
  -  
-       
-           
 -        
- ,     
 
 -        
        ?     '  
     ,           
   
󽇐  
2.
             
,           19
  
     ,          
   '   
        :
1.  (  )
2.  ()
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
      
󷄧󼿒1.   (       )
 
           ?     

     
   ,             
        ,        
        
  
?
        
        
        
 ,        ,         - 
      
󷄧󼿒2.   (    )
""    ,        
 
  ,    '         

        -   -  -   ,
,       
2.
   
 ?
     :
  
    
 
 
    ,           
      
󷄧󼿒3.    (  )
                
      
           
     ,
           
   :
   
    '       :




             , 
 ,       
󷄧󼿒4.   ( )
           -  , 
        
  ,    '        
 :
2.
      
     
        
    
?
            
-     
           
 ,             
     
󷄧󼿒5.    
            
 ,    
   
  ,             
            
    :
  
    
      
      
     ,        
󷄧󼿒6.    
         '   
, , ,        ,     
  
        
  (   ):
 =   − ( +  +  +  + )

       ,       
     
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
?
  
            
  
    
      :
   
    
    
    
      
     
        
    ?
!      ,      
   :
 -       
 -     
  -   
,             '
 
󷊆󷊇
          
 -    
        
 ,     

 ,        
 ,    
 
         
 -  ,         
      '        , , ,
,     ,           
   
2.
4.            ?      ?
:      ?
                
        '       
   ,    '   ,      ,
             
          -    
 ,              
  
?
             :
          
          
            
 ,      
 :
      
  
   
      
         ?
          
 -    
      , ,      '  
       '  :
1.       
     
:
o          -  
o          
o       
2.   
2.
       
 ,      
   
:
o     
o       
o        
3.    
       
:
o     -  
o    -  
4.       
      
:
o   -  
o    - 
o        
5.     
        
:
o         
 
o     

         
    :  ,  ,  
   :      ,  ,  
   :      ,  , 
       :    ,   
      :   ,   
   
           ( ) 
              ,     
          ( )     , 
            " "    
2.

      '          
           , , 
 ,             ,
           

 
 -
5.            
:           
 
   ,        
 :    
,  ,   ,  
 ,  ,    -   
   
    ,         
   
    '          
        
   -- ,       
  ? (  )
  , -,  ,  -     
                  -,
            
    
 -   
     
  ,       ,       
           ,     , 
  ,       ,        - 
     
    :
(,  ,  )
 (,  )
 (, ,  )
( ,  )
      ,          
2.
        
?
   
       , , ,
, ,        
     

1.   
    '            
, ,          
 
 
,       
   (
     )     (   
 )      
      
 
 ,      ,     
   - 
, ,          
 ,       
2.      
           
            
 ,         
     
 
        
   
   "-"  "-"  
   ,      ,     
    
 ,        
2.
3.     
        
 , ,           
      ,  
 
   
 
     
 ,       
 ,   
 
   
,         
 ,         
4.    
          
 ,      
   
         
    
       ,       
     
 
 
,  -          ,   
    
5.   
  -      
       
   
      
     
 ,        
 ,      
   
 
2.
 ,      
 
6.    
          
      
       
,       
      
 
    ,    ,   , 
     
-           
 
 ,      
 
7.    
         
, , , ,   -   
     
      
         ,  ,       
       

8.   

             
    
    
       
       -       
,    
2.

    
             
  
,    ' ,   ' ,   ' , 
 ' ,   '     '   
  ,        
6. ()             ?
()     ?          ?
:()      
                   
     
 -           
    
       "  "   ,
    
    
      
            
   (, , )      
,  ,        
        
 
        
1. 
o          

o : , , , ,    , 
2.     
o           
o : , , , , 
3.  
o   (  9):         
    ,  ,     
o   :          ,  ,
    
o   :    
  , ,  
  
2.
4. 
o :    , ,      
o :     
  , ,    
  
o :          ,
     
5.  
o             
  
  (, )
   (    )
        (  )
  ( ,  )
 
       
,      
 , ,        ,    
()     ?
  ,         ,       
    -    ,       
    
-   -         
 
                    ,
        
    
  
      
 -          
      
     
         
1.     
         
2.
        ;      
  
2.  -  
-       (, ),      
(, ),       
- , ,          
3.     
        -    
         
4.       
      
       
5.  
 (, ),  (, ),  (, ),  
 (, )  
   -      
6. -    
-    ,      
       
7.    
               
   
    , 
      
   
           :
  ,         

 
  ,        
  
    :          ,   
,        ,      
2.

    , ,        
  ,         
         -     ,
            
-
7.      -    ?      
:󷊆󷊇1. -     (  12 )
           
 ,     
      
  ,    '  
         
  , ,        ,    
             , 
   
          
 
 6  ,       —“-,” “-,” -
  
   ,          
  ,           ,    
  
           -  
                   
          
        
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 : -   ,        
  
 
󺅗󺅘󺅙󺅚2. -   (12  18 )
-        -       
  
  ',              :
2.
""          
""         ?
""         
        ,         
   '           -   ,
,            ,   10-50
,            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :           ,      
       
󹘊󹘋󹘀󹘁󹘂󹘃󹘄󹘅󹘆󹘇󹘈󹘌󹘍󹘎󹘏󹘉3. -      (18  24 )
    
            
   :
"  "
" "
" "
" "
      
 ,     '    
    '         "is," "the,"  "to"  
      ,        
  
  ,               !
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  
  :  
        
    
󹶜󹶟󹶝󹶞󹶠󹶡󹶢󹶣󹶤󹶥󹶦󹶧4.     (2  3  )
-        ,          
          
 :
2.
"   "
"  "
"    "
      ,        " "  
" "  ""   ""         
  -                
   
            "  ?"  "
?"   
      
  
   
   

 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :   
;      
󷖞󷖟󷖠󷖡󷖢󷖣5.     (3  5  )
  ,            1,000
        !
     :
   
  
   
  
   

             -  !   
          -    
    
     ,            
             ,  
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :      
 -       
  
󼩏󼩐󼩑6.      (6  12  )
2.
        ,           
            
 
  ',   :
 
 
-  
  
 
          ,     
 
 ,     , "    ,"      
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :         ,     
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
   -              
    -        -      
       
 
 :
-    :      
-  :      
-     :    
  :    
:    
  :      
                
   ,           , 
               
 ,       -      ,     
         -    ,  
          
2.
8.      ?          :
()  
()     
:     ?
              '     
 (    ),   (     ),  
     
      ,      
 
   
,   ,     ,  
        
 ,              
      
(a)   (6-12  )     
               ,  
        ,     
  
    :
1.     
o  ,         
   
o       

 
2.       
o  ,   ,       
o :       
 
3. -   
o              
 
o        
4.   -  
o    ,        
o :           
5.    
2.
o             ,   , 

o    -   
6.   
o            
  
o :      
 
   :
            - , ,  -
             ,    
       
()        (20-40 )
  ,             
           ,    
   
    :
1.    
o    ,   ,     
o :            
  
2.    
o      
o :      
3.    
o        
o     -       
  
4.    
o  ,  ,    
   


o :  ,  ,  - 
5.    
o    ,       
o :        
6.    -
o               
o :   ,       
2.
 
   :
        
()      ,  
    - ,    -      
       
   
   :
        ,  ,

         , ,  

                 ,
       
 

               '  

  ,     ,  ,   
  -  
    ,     ,  , 
        
"                 
 
          ,         
 "